Atomizer



July 30, 1935.

A. KLOTZMAN ATOMI ZER Filed July 14, 1933 2 Sheets-Sheet l V jj 76 1 I mH I AARON KLOTZMAH. IN ENT R.

ATTORNEY.

July A. KLOTZMAN 2,009,932

I ATOMIZER I Filed July 14, 1933 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 I G 3 I 17 a 1 17 2.7v l I In I a3 6 11mm! KLOTZMAN INVENTORQ ATTORNEY.

Patented July :30, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE aromzaa AaronKlotzman, Baltimore, Md. Application July 14,1933, Serial No. 680,464

17 Claims.

This application is a continuation-in-part of my application Ser.No.'588,461.

This invention relates to atomizers and has particular reference tonozzles employed in oilburners for atomizing fuel oil and ejecting thesame into a furnace or other combustion device.

Among the objects of this invention is the provision of an oil-burneratomizer with a whirl chamber of substantially permanent dimensions forpromoting stability in quantity and physical characteristics of thedispersed liquid issuing from the atomizer.

A more specific object of this invention is the provision in thedistributor of an atomizer of a 15 jewel at the distributing end and ofanother jewel in the head for making these portions of the deviceeffectively resistant to erosion, corrosion and chemical action by theoil.

Other, further and more specific objects of this invention will becomereadily apparent to persons skilled in the art from a consideration ofthe following description when taken in conjunction with theaccompanying. drawings wherein:

Fig. 1 is an enlarged elevation, partly in section, showing the body,head and distributor of an oil-burner atomizer, a flat top faced jewelbeing set in the distributor pin and a jewel in the tip of the head. i

Fig. 2 is an enlarged top plan view of the distributor pin, showingtangential ducts for the flow of oil from the body of the atomizer tothe Whirl chamber.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged fragmental. view, showing the body, head anddistributing'pin of an oil- 5; burner atomizer, and illustrating aconstruction whereby the distributor pin is spaced from the head.

Fig: 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3 and illustrates the use of a jewel inthe distributor pin and a jewel in thetip of the head, the former jewelhaving a cavity registering with the enlarged opening in the latterjewel, the cavity and enlarged opening forming the whirl chamber of thenozzle.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged fragmental view in section, illustrating the useof a flat top jewel in the distributor and a jewel with a whirl chamberin the tip of the head and ducts formed by one of the jewels and slotsin the adjacent portion of the jewel for delivering oilinto the whirlchamber.

Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 5, but with the oil ducts entirelywithin the jewel setting in the tip of the head.

Fig. 7 is an enlarged elevation, partly in section, showing the body,head and distributor of an oil- 55 burner atomizer, a jewel with anenlarged openother and for introduction of the oil into the whirlchamber.

Fig. 10 is a plan of the distributor of the atomizer shown in Fig. 9.

Figs. 11 and 12 are enlarged fragmental views in section, similar toFig. 5, and illustrating modifled means for positioning the settingsrelative to 15 each other and for introducing the oil into the whirlchamber of the atomizer.

Referring to Fig, 1, the apparatus comprises the body I of hollowcylindrical construction connected at one end 2 to an oil supply pipe(not 0 shown) and at the other end 3 to the head 4. This head has at itstip 5 a jewel 6 securely set therein. This jewel setting 6 has extendingtherethrough the small perforation or orifice I and the enlarged opening8 continuous with the periora-f tion I.

The distributor pin 9 extends from the body I wherein it is preferablypositioned by a suitable partition I8 and is provided at itsdistributing end with a jewel setting I I. These jewels are prefer-- oably natural sapphires, but other jewels such as ruby, diamond orcorundum may be employed. Also, the corresponding artificial jewelsmaybe. used, although as yet these have not been found as satisfactoryas the natural ones.

As a precaution against damage to the jewels by rubbing and draggingagainst each other when the distributor and head are brought together inliquid tight fit, the head which is bored to receive the setting 6 hasits bore slightly constricted at I2 immediately below the lower face I3of the jewel 6, thereby providing an inward seat for this jewel and ameans for spacing the jewel 6 from the jewel I I. The thickness of thisconstricted portion is for purposes of illustration considerablyenlarged on the drawings. Of course, in practice a lamina or minimumamount of spacing material that will insure against contact with eachother of these juxtaposed jewels is suflicient.

Oil passes through the body I from an oil sup- '50 ply, and throughperforations I5 in the partition III, then through the space I6 and thenthrough the ducts I! to the whirl chamber, preferably frusto-conical,formed by the top of the jewel II and the enlarged opening 8 in thejewel 6. In

pass out through the orifice I in the form of a.

spray.

This form of atomizer possesses superior advantages over thoseheretofore employed. With the jewels 6 and I I defining the whirlchamber, there is assurance that such chamber will be permanent in sizeand shape and will be practically unaffected by the oil whirling thereinover long periods of use. Also, by having the spray-ejection orifice Iin the jewel, the size and form of this orifice will be permanent. Thisassures a steady flow of atomized oil from the atomizer with practicallyuniform physical properties as long as oil of the same kind, viscosityand pressure is delivered through the ducts II. This form of atomizer isespecially valuable for oil-burner use, where the oil is delivered tothe atomizer at high-pressure.

In the modification shown in Fig. 3, the jewel setting II extends beyondthe distributor pin 9. When in operative position the jewel II bearsagainst the inner top wall I8 of the head 4. The whirl-producing ductsII are in the jewel II and not in the distributor pin.

In the modification shown in Fig. 4, the jewel setting I I also extendsbeyond the distributor pin 9, and when in operative position this jewelII bears against the head 4 as in Fig. 3. Also, the whirl-producingducts II are in the jewel I I and not in the distributor pin. In thisconstruction the jewel II is formed at the top with a cavity I9, whichregisters with the enlarged opening 8 in the jewel 6, the cavity andenlarged opening forming the whirl chamber of the nozzle. By having thecavity I 9, the capacity of the atomizer may be increased.

It will be seen by reference to Figs. 1, 3 and 4 that the distributorpin 9 is in the form of a rod and is positioned in the partition I0.

In Figs. and 6, the distributor is part of top of the body I and in thistop is set the jewel II which may have a fiat top as shown in theseviews or a cavity to form part of the whirl chamber similar to Fig. 4.The top of the body I is also provided with passages extending to anannularvgroove 2|, whereby communication is established with the ductsI! which lead to the whirl chamber. These ducts Il may be at thejunction between the. jewels 6 and II and in the form of a slot in oneof the jewels with the other jewel serving as a wall for the ducts asshown in Fig. 5, where the slot is in the jewel 6. Also the ducts I! maybe confined to one of the jewels as shown in Fig. 6 where passages 22 ofsufficient extent are provided in jewel 6 adapted to register with theannular groove 2| so as to aiford communication between the ducts I1 andthe interior of the body I, ir-

respective of any displacements occasioned in the attachment of the head4 to the body I. In Fig.

5 a disc or shim 23 with suitable slots is pro- I extends above the topface of the jewel II,

tributing pin comprises the stem 25 and the cap 26 connected thereto bythepin 21. The stem 25 is securely fastened in the partition III. whilethe cap 26 fits loosely on this stem, thereby facilitating its seatingagainst the head 4 of the atomizer. In this construction the oil entersthrough the body I, through the perforations I5 in the partition I0,then through the space I6, then through the openings 21a to the interior28 of the cap 26, from where it passes through the openings 29 to thewhirl-producing ducts II into the cavity III of the jewel II, whichforms with the enlarged opening 8 in the jewel 6 the whirl chamber forthe atomizer. In this construction, as in Figs. 1, 3 and 4, the bore inthe head 4 for receiving the setting 6 is constricted below the face I3of the jewel B, to provide a means for spacing the jewels 6 and II fromeach other.

In the modification shown in Fig. 9, the whirlproducing ducts passthrough the distributor pin 9 and the jewel II. The jewels 6 and II arespaced from each other by means of the shim 23 which overlaps the jewelsand extends into the recess 30 in the head 4.

In the illustrations shown in Figs. 11 and 12 the jewels 6 and II areseparated by the shims 23, the oil entering through the central opening3I of the body of the distributor and through the passages 32 to thewhirl-producing ducts I! and out of these ducts to the whirl chamberformed by the jewels 6 and II. In both of these .constructions thejewels II are set in discs 33 fitting the bore of the head and whichseparate the tip of the head from the body I. In Fig. 11, the upperportion of the distributor is bored at 34 so that the passages 32 willalways register with the bore regardless of the position of the disc 33.In Fig. 12, an annular slot 35 registers with the passages 32. Thisannular slot 35 is connected with the central bore 3| by means of radialslots 36 so that the bore 3| will be in communication with the annularslot 35 and thereby with the passages 32 at any and all positions of thedisc 33.

It will be observed that in the constructions illustrated in thedrawings, the oil enters the whirl chamber through the openings in thesetting thereby affording permanence and control of a kind very highlydesired but not heretofore obtained in devices for atomization ofliquids.

The settings of sapphire and the other materials heretofore namedpossess a hardness which particularly adapt them in oil-burner atomizersand nozzles constructed according to my invention and will deliverpermanently a definite and unvarying spray of oil into the combustionchamber of the oil-burner when the fiuid is delivered at a constantpressure into the nozzle.

The atomizer heads and distributors constructed with sapphires or theother materials which I have disclosed in this case suffer no erosion,corrosion, other kinds of wear, pitting, oxidation, rusting, changes insizes or shapes of the orifices, whirl chambers or slots when thenozzles are subjected to the rigorous conditions of oil-burner use forgreat periods of time. These settings may also be drilled and polishedto give orifices, tangential slots and whirl chambers of high degree ofprecision and these high polishes will remain permanently in thepolished condition while undergoing use. These settings in the metalportion of thenozzle form structures which under the conditions of useserve as well as if they were integral with the rest of the mechanismand the elements and parts remain unchanged in position relative to eachother after assembly. The dimensions or the orifices or slots may beheld to very low tolerances. By constructing atomizers as I havedescribed, the atomizers can be relied upon to deliver as broad ornarrow cones of fuel as desired and these with varying deliverycapacities. Atomizers employing devices such as I have disclosed can bepositively and not merely negatively standardized which thus admitsproper control of the size and shape of the orifices, slots, whirlchambers and chamfers at the ends of the orifices and slots.

The present invention is not limited to the specific details set forthin the foregoing examples which should be construed as illustrative andnot by way of limitation, and in view of the numerous modificationswhich may be effected therein without departing from the spirit andscope of this invention, it is desired that only such limitations beimposed as are indicated in the appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. In an oil burner atomizer, means for effecting permanency in qualityand quantity of delivery of oil from the atomizer when oil is deliveredto the atomizer at high pressure, said means comprising a head having asetting with a spray-ejection orifice in said setting, a whirl chamberand a distributor having at its distributing end a portion defining partof the said whirl chamber, said portion comprising a setting, each ofsaid settings being a substance of the group comprising sapphire, ruby,corundum and diamond, said settings being non-contacting and juxtaposedto each other, and said atomizer having a whirl-producing duct foradmitting oil into the whirl chamber.

2. In an oil burner atomizer, means ing permanency in quality andquantity of delivery of oil from the atomizer when oil is delivered tothe atomizer at high pressure, said means comprising a head having asapphire setting with a spray-ejection orifice in said setting, a whirlchamber and a distributor having at its distributing end a portiondefining part of the said whirl chamber, said portion comprising asapphire setting, said settings being non-contacting and juxtaposed toeach other, and said atomizer having a whirl-producing duct foradmitting oil into the whirl chamber.

3. In an oil burner atomizer, means for eifecting permanency in qualityand quantity of delivery of oil from the atomizer when oil is deliveredto the atomizer under pressure, said means comprising a head having asetting with a spray-ejection orifice in said setting. a whirl chamberand a distributor having at its distributing end a portion defining partof the said whirl chamber, said portion comprising a setting, each ofsaid settings being a substance of the group comprising sapphire, ruby,corundum and diamond, said settings being juxtaposed to each other, andsaid atomizer having whirl-producing ducts through the setting in thehead for admitting oil into the whirl chamber, and means comprisingmaterial softer than said settings for preventing said settings fromcontacting with each other and forming an oil-tight connection with saidsettings.

4. In an oil burner atomizer, means for effecting permanency in qualityand quantity of delivery of oil from the atomizer when oil is deliveredto the atomizer under pressure, said means comprising a head having asetting with a for effectspray-ejection orifice in said setting, a whirlchamber and a distributor having at its distributing end a portiondefining part of the said whirl chamber, said portion comprising asetting, each of said settings being a substance of the group comprisingsapphire, ruby, corundum and diamond, said settings being juxtaposed toeach other, and said atomizer having whirl-producing ducts through thesetting in the distributor for admitting oil into the whirl chamber, andmeans comprising material softer than said settings for preventing saidsettings from contacting with each other and forming an oil-tightconnection with said settings.

5. In an oil burner atomizer, means for effecting permanency in qualityand quantity of delivery of oil from the atomizer when oil is deliveredto the atomizer at high pressure, said means comprising a head having asetting with a spray-ejection orifice in said setting and a distributorhaving at its distributing end a setting with a cavity in said lattersetting at said distributing end forming a whirl chamber for theatomizer, each of said settings being a substance of' the groupcomprising sapphire, ruby, corundum and diamond, said settings beingjuxtaposed to each other, and said atomizer having a whirlproducing ductfor admitting oil into the whirl chamber, and means comprising materialsofter than said settings for preventing said settings from contactingwith each other and forming an oil-tight connection with said settings.

6. In an oil burner atomizer, means for effecting permanency in qualityand quantity of delivery of oil from the atomizer when oil is deliveredto the atomizer at high pressure, said means comprising a head having asetting with a spray-ejection orifice and an enlarged opening in saidsetting and a distributor having at its distributing end a setting, saidenlarged opening forming a whirl chamber for the atomizer, each of saidsettings ,.beihg a substance of the group comprising ,sapphire, ruby,corundum and diamond',.,.said settings being juxtaposed to each.

other, and said atomizer having a whirl-producing duct for admitting oilinto the whirl chamber, and means comprising material softer than saidsettings for preventing said settings from contacting with each otherand forming an oil-tight connection with said settings.

7. In an oil burner atomizer, means for cffecting permanency in qualityand quantity of delivery of oil from the atomizer when oil is deliveredto the atomizer at high pressure, said means comprising a head having asapphire setting with a spray-ejection orifice and an enlarged openingin said setting and a d stributor having at its distributing and asapphire setting with a'cavity in said latter setting a: saiddistributing end, said enlarged opening and said cavity forming a whirlchamber for the atomizer, said settings being juxtaposed to each other,and said atomizer having a whirl-producing duct for admitting oil intothe whirl chamber, and means comprising material softer than saidsettings for preventing said settings from contacting with each otherand forming an oil-tight connection with said settings.

8. In an oil burner atomizer, means for effecting permanency in qualityand quantity of deing end a portion defining part of the said whirlchamber, said portion comprising a setting, each of said settings beinga substance of the group comprising sapphire, ruby, corundum anddiamond, said settings being juxtaposed to each other, and said atomizerhaving a whirl-producing duct for admitting oil into the whirl chamber,and means comprising material softer than said settings for preventingsaid settings from contacting with each other.

9. In an oil burner atomizer, means for effecting permanency in qualityand quantity of delivery of oil from the atomizer when oil is deliveredto the atomizer at high pressure, said means comprising a head having asetting with a spray-ejection orifice in said setting, a whirl chamberand a distributor having at its distributing end a portion defining partof the said whirl chamber, said portion comprising a setting, each ofsaid settings being a substance of the group comprising sapphire, ruby,corundum and diamond, said settings being juxtaposed to each other, andsaid atomizer having a whirl-producing duct for admitting oil into thewhirl chamber, and a shim comprising material softer than said settingsdisposed between said settings.

10. In an oil burner atomizer, means for eifecting permanency in qualityand quantity of delivery of oil from the atomizer when oil is deliveredto the atomizer at high pressure, said means comprising a plurality ofsettings juxtaposed to each other, a whirl chamber within the bounds ofsaid settings, a spray-ejection orifice through one of the said settingsand a whirlproducing duct for admitting oil into the whirl chamber, eachof said settings being a substance of the group comprising sapphire,ruby, corundum and diamond, and means comprising material softer thansaid settings for preventing said settings from contacting with eachother.

11. In an oil burner atomizer, means for effecting permanency in qualityand quantity of delivery of oil from the atomizer when oil is deliveredto the atomizer under pressure, said means comprising a plurality ofsettings juxtaposed to each other, a spray-ejection orifice through oneof said settings and a whirl-producing duct for admitting the oilpassing through said sprayejection orifice, each of said settings beinga substance of the group comprising sapphire, ruby, corundum and diamondand means comprising material softer than said settings for preventingsaid settings from contacting with each other.

12. In an oil burner atomizer, means for effecting permanency in qualityand quantity of delivery of oil from the atomizer when oil; is deliveredto the atomizer under pressure, said means comprising a pair of settingsjusta'posed to each other, a whirl chamber within the bounds of saidsettings, a spray-ejection orifice through one of said settings, awhirl-producting duct having portions of its wall formed by each of saidsettings for admitting the oil passing through said spray-ejectionorifice, a groove in one of said settings in continuous registry withsaid whirl-producing duct for all positions of the head of the atomizerwhen said head is turned about the body of the atomizer, and means forconducting oil from the body of said atomizer to saidgroove, each ofsaid settings being a substance of the group comprising sapphire, ruby,corundum and diamond, and means comprising material softer than saidsettings for preventing said settings from contacting with each other.

13. In an oil burner atomizer, means for effecting permanency in qualityand quantity of delivery of oil from the atomizer when oil is deliveredto the atomizer under pressure, said means comprising a head having asetting with a sprayejection orifice in said setting, a whirl chamberand a distributor having at its distributing end a portion defining partof the said whirl chamber, said portion comprising a setting, each ofsaid settings being a substance of the group comprising sapphire, ruby,corundum and diamond, said settings being juxtaposed to each other, saidatomizer having whirl-producing means comprising a duct for admittingoil into the whirl chamber, the inlet of oil to the whirl chamberconsisting of said whirl-producing means and the outlet of oil from saidwhirl chamber consisting of said spray-ejection orifice, and meanscomprising material softer than said settings for preventing saidsettings from contacting with each other and forming an oil-tightconnection with said settings.

' 14. In an atomizer, a head having a bore with a setting therein andanother bore in said head continuous with the first bore, a disc withinthe second bore, a setting within said disc non-contacting andjuxtaposed to the other setting, means for securing said disc inposition when the atomizer is in operative adjustment and meanscomprising material softer than said settings for separatingsaidsettings from each other when the parts of the device are in operativeadjustment, each of said settings being a substance of the groupcomprising sapphire, ruby, corundum and diamond.

15. In an atomizer, a head having a setting with a spray-ejectionorifice in said setting, a whirl chamber and a distributor havingat itsdistributing end a setting projecting therefrom, each of said settingsbeing a substance of the group comprising sapphire, huby, corundum anddiamond, said settings being non-contacting and juxtaposed to eachother,- and said atomizer having a whirl-producing duct for admittingoil into the whirl chamber.

16. In an atomizer, a head having a setting with a spray-ejectionorifice and an enlarged opening in said setting and a distributor havingat its distributing end a setting projecting therefrom with a cavity insaid latter setting at said distributing end, said enlarged opening andsaid cavity forming a whirl chamber for the atomizer, each of saidsettings being a substance of the group comprising sapphire, ruby,corundum and diamond, said settings being non-contacting and juxtaposedto each other, and said atomizer having a whirl-producing duct foradmitting oil into the whirl chamber.

17. In an atomizer, a head having a setting with a spray-ejectionorifice in said setting and a distributor having at its distributing enda setting projecting therefrom, each of said settings being a substanceof the group comprising sapphire, ruby, corundum and diamond, saidsettings being non-contacting and juxtaposed to each other, a whirlchamber within the bounds of said settings, and a whirl-producing ductfor admitting oil into the whirl chamber.

AARON KLOTZMAN.

